This Monday, we will be celebrating the Solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. However, this year it will not be a Holy Day of Obligation. So why is it that sometimes August 15 is a Holy Day of Obligation, and sometimes it’s not? And is it the case that a Solemnity is always a Holy Day, and sometimes it isn’t? Well let me answer those questions. It’s important for us to understand though, the differences between a Holy Day, a Solemnity, a Feast Day, and a Memorial.
We tend to use the word "Feast" to cover all levels of celebration, even though the word also has a precise technical meaning in the hierarchy of celebrations. The three basic classes are: Memorial, Feast, and Solemnity, although Memorials are often divided up into obligatory and optional. The difference between the three basic categories is reflected in the presence or absence of different liturgical elements.
Solemnities are the highest degree and are usually reserved for the most important mysteries of faith. These include Easter, Pentecost and the Immaculate Conception; the principal titles of Our Lord, such as King and Sacred Heart; and celebrations that honor important saints in salvation history, like Sts. Peter and Paul, and St. John the Baptist on his day of birth. Solemnities have the same basic elements as a Sunday: three readings, the Creed and the Gloria which is done even when the Solemnity occurs during Advent or Lent. Now this is where it can get confusing. Some Solemnities are also Holy Days of Obligation, but these vary from country to country. The Holy See determines which of these are Holy Days, which are left up to the bishops of a country, which ones are never Holy Days, and which ones aren’t obligatory when they fall on a Saturday or Monday. Assumption falls in the last category, which is why it remains a Solemnity but is not a Holy Day this upcoming Monday. An example of a Solemnity that is always a Holy Day for the USA is the Immaculate Conception, since she is patroness of our country.
Let me finish up with the other categories. A Feast honors a mystery or title of the Lord, of Our Lady, or of saints of particular importance. The Feast usually has some proper prayers but has only two readings plus the Gloria. A Memorial is usually of saints, but may also celebrate some aspect of the Lord or of Mary. Examples include the optional Memorial of the Holy Name of Jesus, or the obligatory Memorial of the Immaculate Heart of Mary. From the point of view of the liturgical elements there is no difference between the optional and obligatory Memorial. The Memorial has at least a proper opening prayer and may have proper readings suitable for the saint being celebrated. The readings of the day may be used, and the lectionary recommends against an excessive use of specific readings for the saints so as not to interrupt too much the continuous cycle of daily readings.
So there you have it! I hope it’s not too confusing, and helps you to understand why we do what we do at Mass.
In Christ & Mary Immaculate,
Fr. Tony