475. When are scientific, medical, or psychological experiments on human individuals or groups morally legitimate?

They are morally legitimate when they are at the service of the integral good of the person and of society, without disproportionate risks to the life and physical and psychological integrity of the subjects who must be properly informed and consenting.

Further reading: CCC 2292-2295

476. Are the transplant and donation of organs allowed before and after death?

The transplant of organs is morally acceptable with the consent of the donor and without excessive risks to him or her. Before allowing the noble act of organ donation after death, one must verify that the donor is truly dead.

Further reading: CCC 2296

477. What practices are contrary to respect for the bodily integrity of the human person?

They are: kidnapping and hostage taking, terrorism and terrorism threats, torture, violence, and direct sterilization to any innocent persons. Amputations and mutilations of a person are morally permissible only for strictly therapeutic medical reasons.

Further reading: CCC 2297-2298