The cross is the school of love. - St. Maximilian Kolbe
St. Maximilian Kolbe was known by the Nazis at Auschwitz as Prisoner 16670. The prisoner who was heard singing Marian hymns from his prison cell while the guards tried to starve him to death.
The priest who would endure beatings for hearing confessions and celebrating Mass with smuggled bread. The martyr who volunteered to die in place of a stranger. He is known in the Kingdom of God as Saint Maximilian Kolbe.
Rajmund (Raymond) Kolbe was born in dun'ska Wola, Poland on January 8, 1894. His parents were both Catholic and passed onto him a strong devotion to the Virgin Mary.
When he was 10 years old, he asked his Mother Mary what was to become of him. She answered by appearing to him and offered him two symbolic crowns. The white crown represented a life of purity and the red crown symbolized martyrdom. Rajmund told her he would accept both.
He entered the Conventual Fransiscan seminary at age 16 and was ordained in 1918, taking the name Maximilian Maria. While studying in Rome, he founded the Militia Immaculatae (MI) Catholic evangelization movement. It aimed to fight against the spread of Freemasonry and to draw people closer to the Sacred Heart of Jesus through total consecration to the Immaculate Virgin Mary. Their motto being "Through the Immaculata to Jesus".
The Mi movement grew rapidly through a monthly magazine called the Knight of the Immaculata, eventually reaching one million readers every month. In 1927, as the demands of this publication grew, Maximilian founded a large apostolic center near Warsaw called Niepokalanow, the "City of the Immaculata". He established another City in Japan in 1930, and spent significant time as a missionary there.
Kolbe returned to Poland in 1936 and by 1939, the Nazis had taken over the country. He used his centers to shelter an estimated 3,000 Polish refugees and to distribute anti-Nazi publications. Kolbe was arrested for this in February 1941 and shipped to Auschwitz where he continued his priestly ministry.
He died by lethal injections on August 14, 1941 after offering to take the place of a condemned prison mate who had a young family at home. He was beatified in 1971 and canonized by John Paul II on October 10, 1982 in the presence of Franciszek Gajowniczek, the man he gave his life for.